History of insurance
Insurance has been an institution of human society for thousands of years, having been practiced by
Babylonian traders as long ago as the 2nd millennium BCE.Eventually it was given legal mention in the Code of Hammurabi, and practiced by early
Mediterranean sailing merchants. The Greeks and Romans had "benevolent
societies" which acted to care for the families and funeral expenses of members upon death. Guilds
in the middle ages served a similar purpose. Insurance became
much more sophisticated in post-Renaissance Europe, and specialized varieties developed. In
America, Benjamin Franklin helped to popularize and make standard the practice of insurance, particularly against fire. The 19th century saw a rise in the government
regulation of insurance, and the 20th century saw further specialization and,
in the United States, a bit of deregulation that allowed other financial institutions, such as banks, to
offer insurance. The ever-increasing ability of science to predict
catastrophes of any measure or variety continues to affect the way insurance is conducted.